Sunday, 21 December 2014

Highland Towers, a Monumental Tragedy

15 December 2014. A month after the passing of my beloved Olaf and Anna.

By chance I happen to be around the vicinity of Bukit Antarabangsa. All of a sudden I had an urge to find out where is Highland Towers.

I had no idea how the Highland Towers apartment looked like so it was a trial and error situation looking for the place. I took the wrong turn and ended up at Jalan Wangsa 9; as there were some condominiums / apartments there, which I wrongly interpreted to, be Highland Towers  


The surrounding view


Different angles




A steep slope


I was subsequently guided by an Indonesian worker at a Petronas Gas station, informing me that I was way off course and needed to get back to the highway and turn left just before the bridge.

I did that and after negotiating some corners, found the eerie site.


Only upon further checking, I realized that exactly 22 years and 4 days ago, tragedy stroke here.

The Highland Towers Block 1 collapsed on 11 December 1993 at 1.35pm in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, causing the deaths of 48 people and led to the complete evacuation of the remaining 2 blocks due to safety concerns.

The Highland Towers consist of Three, 12 story blocks:-

a. Block 1 (built 1977, southern-most)
b. Block 2 (built 1979, north-northwest of block 1, slightly elevated than the other two, 
    closer in to the hill)
c. Block 3 (built 1981, northwest of block 1, west of block 2).

Behind the Towers was a small stream of water, known as 'East Creek’ that flowed into the site of the Towers before the Towers' construction, so a pipe line was built to divert the stream to bypass the Towers.

When a new housing development project, known as 'Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project', commenced construction in 1991 on the hilltop located behind the Towers, the hill was cleared of trees and land-covering plants, exposing the soil to land erosion.

The water from this new construction site was diverted into the existing pipe lines used to divert the flow of East Creek which overloaded the system. Sand and silt from both East Creek and the construction site infiltrated the pipes causing it to burst at several locations on the hill, and the surrounding soil had to absorb the excessive water.

The water content in the soil became over-saturated to the extent that the soil had turned viscous, in effect becoming mud. By October 1992, the hill slope had been saturated with water, and water was seen flowing down the hill slopes and the retaining walls. 

Shortly thereafter, a landslip took place and destroyed the constructed retaining walls. The landslide contained an estimated 100,000 square meters of mud (a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 jets). The soil rammed onto the foundation of Block One, incrementally pushing it forward. After a month of this constant pressure, the foundations snapped and in November 1993, residents began to see cracks forming and widening on the road around the Highland Towers, a forewarning of collapse.

After 10 days of continuous rainfalls, the dreaded tragedy occurred. It is among one of the worst that had stricken the hearts and soul of our Nation.

Prior to this incident, the attraction of this place were the natural lush surroundings, steep hills and water stream flowing from the hills with an extensive view of the city of Kuala Lumpur.

The abandoned Blocks 2 and 3 as of todate, still stands.




A court action was brought by the surviving residents Steven Phoa Cheng Loon & 72 Ors (Plaintiffs) in the High Court, Civil Suite No: S5 - 21 -174 - 1996.

The Defendants and verdict as to apportion of liability are:

1. Highland Properties Sdn Bhd – (Developer and registered owner of the 3 pieces of 
    land Lot 494, 495, & 653 where the tragic development took place). Liability 15%
  
2. Wong Tin Sang (Konsortium Jurubina Perunding) – (Architect). Liability 10%

3. Wong Yuen Kean (Waja Perunding) – (Engineer, brother of 2nd Defendant).    
    Liability 10%

4. Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya – (Local Authority). Liability 15%

5. Arab Malaysian Finance Berhad – (Registered Owner of 50 bungalow lots at the rear 
    of Highland Towers). Liability 30%

6. Tropic Development Sdn Bhd (Carried out clearing works on the land of the 5th 
    Defendant)

7. Metrolux Sdn Bhd (Registered owner of the land (Bukit Antarabangsa) just above 
    the Arab Malaysian Land and at the material time was under development). 
    Liability 10%

8. MBf Property Services Sdn Bhd (Financer for 7th Defendant). Liability 10%

9. Kerajaan Negeri Selangor (State Government)

10. Pengarah Jabatan Tanah & Galian Negeri Selangor (Director of Lands & Mines for 
      Selangor)

The Plaintiffs' claim is for damages caused jointly by the acts of the Defendants, in causing the collapse of Block 1 and thereby forcing the Plaintiffs to evacuate and abandon Block 2 & 3.

The Plaintiffs cause of action against the Defendants is negligence and nuisance under Rylands v Fletcher.

Liability under negligence, defined by Lord Atkin in Donoughue v Stevenson (1932) A.C. 562 is that every man must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which he can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure his neighbor.

To me no amount of money can compensate the loss of a loved one. I pray that the souls in this unfortunate tragedy find peace and is embraced in the loving arms of God.

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